ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the incidence of unusual formation of the median nerve in Thai cadavers. Two hundred and ninety-two upper limbs were dissected and observed. The results showed that 5 out of 292 (1.71 %) arms had unusual splitting of median nerve that supplied the flexor arm muscles. Concomitantly, the musculocutaneous nerve was absent. In 4 out of 5 variant arms (80 % or 1.37 % of total upper limbs), each median nerve was unusually formed by 3 roots; the first and second roots were from lateral cord and the third one from medial cord. The union of the second lateral and medial roots to become a median nerve distantly extended in the arm. The second lateral roots gave off small muscular branches to the upper part of flexor arm muscles. Knowledge of such anatomical variations is helpful for surgeons in performing of brachial plexus surgery.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la incidencia en la formación inusual del nervio mediano en cadáveres tailandeses. Se disecaron y observaron 292 miembros superiores. En 5 casos (1,71 %) se presentó una división inusual del nervio mediano que suministraba los nervios para los músculos flexores del brazo. Concomitantemente, el nervio musculocutáneo estaba ausente. En 4 de los 5 casos (80 % o 1,37 % del total de los miembros superiores), cada nervio mediano se formó por 3 raíces; la primera y segunda raíces procedían del fascículo lateral y la tercera del fascículo medial. La unión de la segundas raíces lateral y medial formaban el nervio mediano distalmente en el brazo. Las segundas raíces laterales daban pequeños ramos musculares a la parte superior de los músculos flexores del brazo. El conocimiento de tales variaciones anatómicas es útil para los cirujanos en la realización de la cirugía del plexo braquial.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anatomic Variation , Median Nerve/abnormalities , Median Nerve/anatomy & histology , Upper Extremity/innervation , Cadaver , ThailandABSTRACT
Rare anatomic variation of the coracoclavicular joint (2.34 %) was found in one male cadaver bilaterally and the left shoulder of one female cadaver from one hundred and twenty-eight shoulders in the dissecting room. The joint was an articulation between the lateral elevation of conoid tubercle and superior surface of the coracoid process. It was enclosed with a complete capsule and lined inside with a synovial membrane. Macroscopic study found that the articular surface on the conoid tubercle was hyaline cartilage and opposed to the fibrocartilagenous articular surface of the coracoid process. The pathogenesis of this joint was obscure, tracing information from their relatives found that the former was suffering from a shoulder pain and the latter had complaint neither of a shoulder pain nor any joint disease. This study is intended to draw an attention of the occurrence of this joint as it has been reportedly associated with the thoracic outlet syndrome.
ABSTRACT
Morphological features, the size of the preauricular sulcus and the thickness of the ventral sacro-iliac ligament were examined in both male and females Thai cadavers pelves in which the age, the sex and the past history of pregnancy were known. The gross appearance of the preauricular sulcus in males, which was characterized by a short, narrow and shallow groove, of the sulcus in parameters obtained, including the width, depth and length when comparing the left and the right in any individual group of either male or female pelves (p>0.05). There was also no significant difference in the dimensions of the sulsuc and the thickness of the ventral sacro-iliac ligament when comparing between the male and nulliparous female (p>0.05). In contrast, the parameters of both, the size of the sulsuc and the thickness of the ligament in parous females, were significantly greater than that in males and nulliparous females. The results suggest that the size of the preauricular sulcus could be used as a reliable index for indicating the Thai parous female. The thickness of the ventral sacro-iliac ligament may be another index in addition to the size of the preauricular sulcus.